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apostatic selection
Apostatic selection is a synonym for negative frequency-dependent selection. In lay terms it describes the survival of individual prey animals that are different (through mutation) from their species in a way that makes it more likely for them to be ignored by their predators. It operates on polymorphic species, species which have different morphological forms. In negative frequency-dependent selection, the common forms of a species are preyed on more than the rarer forms and this allows the rare morphs to have a selective advantage in the population.〔Oxford University Press. (2013). Oxford Reference. Retrieved November 21, 2013, from Apostatic Selection: http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095419471〕 Negative frequency-dependent selection refers to any selection preferring the rarest morph or allele whereas apostatic selection is more specific to predator-prey interactions; it is a more of a subset of frequency-dependent selection. The original term, apostatic selection, was used in 1962 by Bryan Clarke in reference to predation on polymorphic grove snails and since then, though they do not have quite the same definition, it has been used relatively interchangeably with negative frequency-dependent selection.〔Clarke, B. 1962. Balanced polymorphism and the diversity of sympatric species. Pp. 47-70 in D. Nichols ed. Taxonomy and Geography. Systematics Association, Oxford.〕 Apostatic selection can also apply to the predator if the predator has various morphs. There are multiple concepts that are closely linked with apostatic selection. One is the idea of prey switching, which is another term used to look at a different aspect of the same phenomenon, as well as the concept of a ‘search image’. Apostatic selection is important evolutionarily because it can lead to a stable equilibrium of morph frequencies and can be why such large amounts of genetic diversity are sustained in natural populations.〔
==Prey Switching==
Prey switching is the concept that predators sometimes switch from primary prey to an alternative food source for various reasons.〔Suryan, R., Irons, D., & Benson, J. (2000). Prey Switching and Variable Foraging Strategies of Black-Legged Kittiwakes and the Effect on Reproductive Success. The Condor , 374-384.〕 This is related to apostatic selection because when a rare morph is being selected for, it is going to increase in abundance in a specific population until it becomes recognized by a predator. Prey switching, therefore, seems to be a result of apostatic selection. Prey switching is related to prey preference as well as the abundance of the prey.〔
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